Rural Entreprneurship -One Key to Rural Revitalisation

Entrepreneurship can play an important role in rural development. â€Å"Entrepreneur means one who creates a product on his own account, who ever undertakes on his own an industrial/trading enterprise in which work men are employed†. If entrepreneurships really encouraged in rural area it would, of course, be instrumental in changing the face of rural areas by solving the problems of unemployment, poverty, economic disparity, poor utilization of rural capacity, low level of standard of living. Authors: 1. Dr.Ratan Barman, Reader, Department of Commerce, Assam University (Diphu Campus) 2. Dipanjan Chakraborty, Senior Lecturer, Department Of commerce,Darrang College,tezpur Introduction ‘India lives in her villages’—- this axiom is still true today despite the service sector budding in the urban and semi urban areas. Majority of the population still lives in rural India and the large chunk of population in urban areas still live through the learning of a villa ge life. For the strength of the country there is a necessity to develop the villages. Development of a country is a choice loaded on its people, whether urban or rural.It is individuals who shape up a society and decide its progress and performance. Urban and rural are two sides of the same coin of economic development. While the urban sector has witnessed phenomenal growth and development, fuelled by the post independence era of industrialization, the rural sector saw little corporate growth. Rural development is more than ever before linked to entrepreneurship. Institutions and individuals promoting rural development now see entrepreneurship as a strategic development intervention that could accelerate the rural development process.Furthermore, institutions and individuals seem to agree on the urgent need to promote rural enterprises: development agencies see rural entrepreneurship as an enormous employment potential; politicians see it as the key strategy to prevent rural unrest ; farmers see it as an instrument for improving farm earnings; and women see it as an employment possibility near their homes which provides autonomy, independence and a reduced need for social support. To all these groups, however, entrepreneurship stands as a vehicle to improve the quality of life for individuals, families and communities and to sustain a healthy economy and environment.Rural industrialization is important not only as a means of generating employment opportunities in the rural areas with low capital cost and raising the real income of the people, but also because it contributes to the development of agriculture and urban industries. In the absence of rural industrialization, it would not be easy to solve the problem of unemployment in rural areas. The entrepreneurial orientation to rural development accepts entrepreneurship as the central force of economic growth and development, without it other factors of development will be wasted or frittered away.However, the acceptance of entrepreneurship as a central development force by itself will not lead to rural development and the advancement of rural enterprises. What is needed in addition is an environment enabling entrepreneurship in rural areas. The existence of such an environment largely depends on policies promoting rural entrepreneurship. The effectiveness of such policies in turn depends on a conceptual framework about entrepreneurship, i. e. , what it is and where it comes from. Concept of Entrepreneurship and Entrepreneur The terms ‘entrepreneurship’ and ‘entrepreneur’ are not new to the Indian economy.Often these two terms are considered synonymous and used interchangeably. But conceptually both the terms are different. The relationship between the two is just like the two sides of the same coin. The understanding of the concept of entrepreneurship owes a lot to the work of economist Joseph Schumpeter and the Austrian School of economics. According to Schump eter (1950),’ and entrepreneur is a person who is willing and able to convert a new idea or invention in to a successful innovation. † Entrepreneurship forces â€Å"creative destruction† across markets and industries, simultaneously creating new products and business models and liminating others. In this way, creative destruction is largely responsible for the dynamism of industries and long-run economic growth. The entrepreneur is the kind of persons that is willing to put his career and financial security on the line for an idea, spending his time and capital in an uncertain venture. Entrepreneurship as a stabilizing force limits entrepreneurship to reading markets disequilibria, while entrepreneurship defined as owning and operating a business, denies the possibility of entrepreneurial behaviour by non-owners, employees and managers who have no equity stake in the business.Therefore, the most appropriate definition of entrepreneurship that would fit into the r ural development context, argued here, is the broader one, the one which defines entrepreneurship as: â€Å"a force that mobilizes other resources to meet unmet market demand†, â€Å"the ability to create and build something from practically nothing†, â€Å"the process of creating value by pulling together a unique package of resources to exploit an opportunity†2. Concept of Rural entrepreneurship Many examples of successful rural entrepreneurship can already be found in literature.Rural entrepreneurship can be defined as entrepreneurship emerging at village level which can take place in a variety of fields of endeavour such as business, industry, agriculture and acts as a potent factor for economic development, In short, rural entrepreneurship implies rural industrialization consisting mainly of agro-based industries, Khadi and village industries and cottage industries. The promotion of rural entrepreneurship is vital in the context of generating gainful employ ment and minimizing the widening of disparities between rural and urban population.About 75% of the population who lives in villages has to utilize the village resources and they are plentifully available and people are not utilizing it effectively due to mass illiteracy. The risk aversion people can be transformed in to risk taking innovative entrepreneurs by proper training. Rural entrepreneurship not only concentrates on enhancement of products by use of local force or by artisans but also has significant environmental and social impact by developing eco friendly and appropriate olution to local problems China represents a unique example of rural entrepreneurial development with prima facie importance to the use of local resources, such as natural resources, human resources and material resources for local economic, social and cultural development and for running within the local area the surpluses so generated and at the same time effectively integrating rural development with m odernization the urban sector. China’s successful rural development through less dogmatic and down-to-earth approach to rural industrialization is really worth emulating for our country.Dynamic rural entrepreneurs can also be found. They are expanding their activities and markets and they find new markets for their products and services beyond the local boundaries. Role of Entrepreneurship in Rural development For rapid development, rural industrialization is must. But rural industrialization requires development of rural areas.. According to the Government of India, any industry located in rural area, village or town with population of 20,000 or less and an investment of Rs. crore in Plant and machinery is treated is rural industry. Rural or village industry is classified in to the following categories: †¢ Mineral based industry †¢ Forest based industry †¢ Agro based and food industry †¢ Polymer and chemical industry †¢ Engineering and non-convention al energy †¢ Textile industry †¢ Service industry Objectives of entrepreneurship in Rural Development †¢ To reduce disparities in income between rural and urban areas †¢ To promote balanced regional development To pressure the age-old rich heritage of the country †¢ To control migration of population from rural to urban area and thus helps in checking haphazard growth of cities and slums †¢ To help in reducing social tension and pollution Rural Entrepreneurship as a policy Tool to Achieve Rural Development Before independence, rural industrialization and hence rural entrepreneurship did not get any emphasis. The British Government gave importance to imports and neglected the development of Indian industries.In order to achieve rural development, after independence, the government of India used rural entrepreneurship as a policy tool. It has been clearly reflected in various five year plans and industrial policies. 1) Production in Khadi & Village indust ries sector was Rs 4,519 croes in the year 1997-98 and by the end of the year 2006-07, it is expected to increase up to Rs. 13,250croes i. e. in the span of 9 years it is expected to rise by almost 3 times. 2) Employment in KVI sector was 6. 65 million in the year 1997-98 and it is expected to increase up to 9. 5million by the end of year. Problems faced by entrepreneurs of rural areas †¢ Lack of finance-Modern entrepreneurship is a costly affair which needs abundant credit facilities. But in undeveloped countries, there is always scarcity of such credit facilities †¢ Lack of technical know-how-On account of faulty education system youth lack professional, managerial and technical knowledge which is an impediment in developing the spirit of enterprise, consequently not many people come forward to establish self-employment units. Absence of Enterprising skill- Most of the rural people in India lack risk bearing ability. Reluctance to involve oneself in business, inclination towards wage employment, lack of creative thinking are few reasons which have restricted the growth of self-employment in rural area. †¢ Lack of Infrastructure-On account of lack of infrastructural facilities viz, transport, water, electricity, market, storage and communication etc, entrepreneurs are shying away from establishing industries in villages. Industries which are already established are also facing similar problems. Adverse, social, cultural and Industrial environment-Caste systems, social evils, fatalism, religious superstitions, particularly in the countryside, do not allow development of adventurous spirit. Lack of skill and expertise in labourers, their tendency to migrate to big cities and consumer’s habit to buy goods produced by big companies create many problems for new entrepreneurs. †¢ Lack of awareness about quality control-It is true that of awareness hinders rural entrepreneurship. There are number of factors responsible for the lack of awar eness among rural folk.Illiteracy, ignorance, lack of proper propaganda by agencies, corruption among government functionaries etc are some of the factors responsible for this problem. †¢ Lack of market information due to poor communication facility- The absence of effective communication and access to right information makes it difficult for rural entrepreneurs to understand market trends and policies followed by the government on industrialization. Rural Development through Rural Entrepreneurship To achieve rural development through rural entrepreneurship,† The support infrastructure† given by Bill Bolton & John Thompson should be implemented given below.The support infrastructure | | People | Ideas | The Enterprise | |Sector |Education and |Research and |Property |Finance |Supply |Business support |Community | | |Training |Development | | | | |development | |Facility |School, |Industry, |Business |Seed and |Sub |Government |Housing, | | |College |University |Incu bator; |venture |contractors; |Agencies; |Schools, | | |University; |Garage |Innovation |capital |Labour |Clubs and |Hospitals, | | |Training | |centre | |pool |Associations, |Recreation, | | |Facility; | |Science | | |Consultants |Transport | | |Entrepreneur | |Technology | | |And business |Tele commu | | | | |Business | | |advices |nications | | |school | |parks | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Activity |Courses of |Technology |Premises |Equity& | Staff |Training advice |Amenity | | |programmes |transfer |and support |Loans |& Suppliers |and networking |provision | Source: Entrepreneurs by Bill Bolton & John Thompson Conclusion On the basis of analysis and role of rural entrepreneurship for rural development, we can conclude that rural entrepreneurship and rural development are two sides of the same coin. A part from Government policy, there is an urgent need to create conducive environment in rural areas so that rural entrepreneurship should flourish. Suggestions The following suggesti ons can be put forwarded for the protection and enhancement of demand potentiality leading to fertile ground for entrepreneurship.Entrepreneurship would be conducive for rural capacity utilization and development and solving rural problems like, unemployment, poverty, low level standard of living etc. ? Formulation of a registered trade union, under the guidance of appropriate Government, at village level-The role of such a trade union should be to protect and promote the interest of labours in the village. It will lead to enhance their bargaining power, thereby more earnings. Labour concessions will be instrumental in changing the face of rural areas. ? Formation of village development council, under the guidance of appropriate Government, at the village level . This council should lead in forming and propagating about negative impacts of drain of rural demand, rural resources to urban area.Consciousness should be created about the fulfillment of rural demand by rural supplier livi ng in the same village. It means trading should be promoted in the villages. Positive impact of divion of work. Divion of work will lead specialization, better capacity utilization, assurance of definite market and enough earning to meet family needs. The positive and negative impacts of migration of people from rural area to urban area. It is good in the sense that it is going to provide employment to rural people in urban area. But the negative part of the process is that commit their funds in urban area. These migrated people should be encouraged and motivated to finally stay in village.They should spend their money in rural areas. It would lead to enhancement in rural demand and rural development. Such a village development council will be forum where issues relating development will be discussed and opinions will be floated among the people for course of action. ? Formation of Rural entrepreneurship Development Bank of India, on the line of Industrial Development bank of India, is essential to promote entrepreneurship in the rural areas. It role would be to make available finance, knlwledge, technical expertise, managerial advice, help in marketing, string etc. it has to take case from beginning to end. Even its role would be to come up with plans.The is need to promote urban culture in rural area in respect of consumption, entertainment, education, spending, standard of livingrationality,etc. to promote economic activities. Rural-Urban interaction, T. V, Radio, Mobile, Road etc, are promoting urban culture in rural areas. ? State Government must invest in more for development of rural entrepreneurship ? All latest technology of the globe is to be disseminated to all rural areas by Government through Toll free number ? Appointment of SSI ombudsman and having one stop centre for needs of rural entrepreneurs to be established. ? There is necessary to promote education and skill necessary for entrepreneurship ?

Is College Debt To Much Essay

Everyone who wants to go to college is often faced with the same fact, how will I pay? Students often go with the options of taking loans, after much consideration and research, research sometimes based on essays written by authors. Even though Carey and Wilson both address the debt college could put someone in. Wilson provides a more convincing argument due to the fact that he gives more information on statistics of student loans, more information about loans, and an unbiased opinion. Before you make a big decision you should always know the risks and benefits. One way to ensure you make a good decision is, if possible look at statistics. In the essays â€Å"Why Do You Think They’re Called For- Profit Colleges?† by Kevin Carey and â€Å"A Lifetime Of Student Debt? Not Likely† by Robin Wilson they both take different approaches to using statistics about student loan debt in their writing. Carey does not use any statistics making his article harder to understand a nd his material credibility questionable. Carey states that, â€Å"The University Of Phoenix is on pace to reap $4 billion from federal loans† (Carey 216). This is one of the only times in his article Carey mentions how much colleges make from loans. He then says â€Å"Unfortunately, a large and growing number of graduates of for-profit colleges are having trouble paying those loans back† (Carey 216). Although Carey says it’s a large number of graduates that have trouble paying loans back he does not show any statistics to confirm it, which makes his information questionable. On the other hand Wilson uses an abundance of statistics in his article which makes the article easy to understand and a trustworthy source. According to Wilson, â€Å"Of the 65 percent who face debt, the average they owe is around $20,00† Andrews 2 (Wilson 257). Wilson also gives statistics on the amount of debt difference between undergraduate and graduate degrees, and public and private schools  graduates. Just the uses of Wilsons statistics makes me realize that debt is a manageable and wouldn’t overwhelm my life. The next point that really set these two essays apart was the amount of information given about loans. In Carey’s article he gives very little information about loans in general. He really just implies that student’s taking large loans are what are making for-profit colleges so profitable. He fails to give us information about why loans are needed, and what loans allow people to do. Unlike Wilson who again gives us plenty of material to see the pros and cons of loans. Wilson covers topics like interest rates, and borrowing risks. He also includes stories from people’s real life describing their personal success and struggles with student debt. These personal stories really helped me connect with Wilson’s article and understand the pros of taking loans. The last point that set these essays apart was the amount of bias in the articles. I felt Carey’s article was extremely biased towards one man named Michal Clifford. It shows Clifford as almost a monster. Carey says, â€Å"Entrepreneurs like Clifford, meanwhile, have been snapping up dying nonprofit colleges and quickly turning them into money making machines† (Carey 216). I on the other hand do not think its Clifford fault. He is just doing his job, and it seems he’s doing a very good job at it. One way or another the student has to pay for college and it’s going to be fairly expensive in this day and age, and I feel like Carey is just trying to put the blame on someone. Although Wilson acknowledges that there are some problems with students loans and some people will have a difficult time paying them back, I think he wrote a very fair and unbiased essay. Andrews 3 There are always two sides to every story and multiple ways of looking at things, as shown in these two essays both discussing student loan debt. Although these essays both challenged my mind and gave me new insight on student loan debt, I thought Wilsons essay was much more to the point. Also he included so much more in depth information that made the article interesting ,knowledgeable, and meaningful.

Job versus Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Job versus Business - Essay Example Risk in establishing a business is just as great as are the opportunities associated with it. It is quite normal for a business to bring results contrary to the expectations of the owner. Success of a business fundamentally depends upon an individual’s luck. Nevertheless, if risks have been adequately assessed and catered for in the start and the business owner is able to make informed decisions as per the need of the hour, business provides an individual with much more benefits than job. A businessman does not wake up in the morning because he/she will be fined if he/she gets late or does not reach the office in time. Instead, the businessman feels a sense of responsibility to wake up and reach the office in time so that activities go as per the schedule. There is a great difference between the two conditions. In the former, there is fear of accountability whereas in the latter, there is sense of responsibility. Ownership of a business enables an individual to live the life o f a king whereas in a job, an individual’s condition is hardly different from a servant in practical terms. While running a business, one establishes one’s own rules for the others to follow, whereas in the job, one has to follow the rules established by the employer whether or not one finds them right. In the capacity of the owner of a business, one takes decisions that affect others while in the job, others’ decisions affect one. Lack of decision making power in the job does not provide an individual with sufficient room for intellectual growth in the profession. â€Å"You want to leave your mark on the world and change something. Running your own business enables you to do this to a greater extent than you could as an employee† (Robert Ashton, 2010). In addition to that, one can also decide to get rid of bad employees in the business but not in the job. A lot of women employees have to continue working for salary with the colleagues who harass them sex ually (Chaudhuri, 2006). They are not in the position to expel such colleagues from job because they are not business owners. The biggest advantage that business offers in comparison to the job is that it provides an individual with the opportunity to gain maximum benefit of his/her efforts. One may have to exert many times more in the job as compared to the exertion in a business, and yet, the reward in the job is many times less than what one gets in a business. In an attempt to impress the employer so that he would make slight addition to the current salary of the worker, the worker tends to work beyond the official duty hours and yet, there is little realization on the part of the employer in a vast majority of cases. Even if the employer does realize, there is little guarantee that he will appreciate the worker in terms of increment in the salary. After a whole year of extra work, the worker may have a 2 to 5 per cent increment in the salary upon the review of performance. On t he other hand, all profit made from the business becomes the property of the businessman. After one project, when the salaries of all staff have been paid, the business owner is left with an amount that he/she can not assemble after several projects as an employee. In addition to that, there is no retiring in business unlike job. â€Å"Let's say you join a company, degree in hand, at entry level. You move up the ladder for fifteen, twenty, even twenty-five years. Now you're a

Hospitality Company Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Hospitality Company - Research Paper Example The company’s values include customer satisfaction. In order to achieve this, the company promises to offer a wide array of services and tailor others whenever possible in order to enhance customer satisfaction. The company takes customer’s suggestions seriously and has a functional customer service department to deal with the complaints and suggestions from the customers. This way, it interacts with its customers thereby ensuring that it keeps abreast with the prevailing trends in the market thereby beating its competition. My call portrayed the seriousness with which the company responds to every call. As stated earlier, the line did not keep me waiting. The phone rang for about three seconds before the attendant respondent. Given the large number of customers the company serves on a daily basis, it was right to assume that the company has an efficient customer service. The woman observed all the etiquette beginning with a salutation and according to the time to speak to her. As irrelevant as my call could have sounded, she did not express any disgust. Instead, she responded and tried to explain the company’s vision the best way she could. She did not refer to any literature yet her explanation represented all the vital points in the company’s vision as presented on the website and other marketing literature materials. The attendant did not rush me at any time. Instead, she answered my questions and proceeded to ask if I had any other. This proved the company’s commitment to customer satisfaction.

Company Law. Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Company Law. Case Study - Essay Example Background: Alison Belfield (AB) is a minority shareholder in Commercial Chemical Applications Limited (CCA). Based on AB’s concerns regarding the activities of directors of CCA and the company operations the following facts have come to light. Tom Stockley is a director in CCA who also owns 3% of the shares in Amalgamated Property Holdings Ltd (APH). He introduced the transaction to CCA and is helping in negotiations to buy out APH. AB feels that CCA is not faring well commercially, being burdened with an overdraft of  £3 million, excessive capacity and the need to close down five smaller plants around the country. Any move to acquire APH could push CCA into insolvency. AB, having a financial and property background also feels that the proposed price of APH is too high and in her opinion the financial director, Rachel Nash has over-estimated the worth of APH by  £500,000 to  £600,000. But since Rachel is a chartered accountant by profession, all other directors, who do not have a financial background, rely upon her judgement. APH also has a poor track record of environmental issues, already having being convicted twice for allowing chemicals to leak into the nearby river and under close scrutiny of environmental authorities. The factory too is fairly old and requiring substantial expenditure for its refurbishment which may never happen. The acquisition of APH will inevitably result in the closure of the CCA’s other small plants located in rural areas thereby causing loss of several hundred jobs with very little possibility of being re-employed.

Businees Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Businees - Essay Example By selecting an individual from this way we will be able to understand this particular topic more clearly. If you cannot think of an firm, individual or industry according to the need, the we can go to Auraria Library and review the Denver Business Journal: Book of Lists, which is annual publication that provides contact information for top ranking companies in Denver, across a range of discipline. But it must be keep in mind that while selecting the data regarding this that the individual who will be choose for the interview must be the founder , co-founder or member of the original management team that started the company. The company must also still be in existence today. The choice of company or sector is completely upon the interviewer. It may be a high wealth company, a small company, a small lifestyle business, or a company that started small but is now experiencing significant growth. 1. First step regarding this is to one has to contact with the desired company or interviewee as soon as possible. Entrepreneurs are busy person. So to get an appointment from a busy person can be a bit difficult job. If positive results are not coming in the first approach then have to try again and again. 3. Now a convenient meeting time and place have to be fixed for both the interviewer and the interviewee. The time must be set in such a way so that the interviewer can get time to prepare the question what is going to be asked in the interview. 2) A recording can be done of the interview with the permission of the entrepreneur. This is so because lots of information can come within half an hour. So if any point is missed by the interviewer he/ she can get it through the recording. The outcome of the interview is iTriage is a consumer health care company founded in 2008 by two emergency medicine physicians. Over 9 million health care consumers

How People Make Economic Decisions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

How People Make Economic Decisions - Essay Example This decision involved comparison of marginal benefits and marginal costs associated with it. Establishing the auditing firm would offer me a better chance to exploit and realize my potential in the real world as I won't be tied to very stringent policies as those of my firm can oftenly be amended at will and hence more flexible. In case the auditing firm became a success, it would generate profits that would surpass my previous income by far. This will create more time me to pursue my own ambitions including working extra hours. Being my own boss is more satisfying and assuring in terms of mutual growth as the firm grows. It was easier for me to grow up the rank in my own establishment to the post of a CEO as opposed to my previous employment. Large capital and other resource requirement required to kick-start the auditing firm. Conforming to the legal requirement s (rules and regulations) of the state and regulatory authorities required for the auditing firm to be operational. Losing the job security that was attached to my previous employment and starting an auditing firm whose success was not certain.

Leda and the Swan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Leda and the Swan - Essay Example The basic story of the events as per Greek mythology describes the events which led to the conception of Helen and other children, the event mentioned in the story are violent perhaps because beauty is often born from past violence. Leda was married to the king of Sparta i.e. Tyndareus and Zeus took the form of a giant swan to mate with Leda on the same night as she had sex with her husband (Beyst, 2002). Intertextual analysis can show us quite clearly that the artists who covered this particular theme gave their own focus to the images regardless of the media being sculpture, painting or as per Yeats, poetry. Essentially, the poem and other artistic mediums which are based on this motif are presenting a loving couple which is entwined with each other. Sensibilities in art often prevent a complete visual description of a sexual act therefore there are certain aspects which are not shown. For example, Michelangelo’s Leda has her privates covered with the tail feathers of the swan while da Vinci’s Leda seems to be more or less hugging a giant swan rather than engaging in any sexual act (Beyst, 2002). On the other hand, the images presented by Yeats quite clearly describe the sexual act and if a person who is familiar with the background story reads this poem, s/he can clearly know where the point of climax comes within the poem along with the orgasm of the characters. In fact, Yeats words have a certain power which can not be felt in paintings because of a difference in medium. For example, it is rather difficult to empathise with Leda if one simply views the painting but upon reading the poem a person can place themselves in Leda’s position and experience what she felt (Beyst, 2002).

Db3 program capstone Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Db3 program capstone - Research Paper Example For instance, labor migration, mobility and diversity are directly related to globalization. Many researchers, including Mujtaba (2007), focus on management challenges related to diversity management at work. Since all organizations are expected to create friendly, inclusive and non-discriminatory environment where all employees have equal opportunities, it is a real challenge. According to Drucker (2007), global changes have the greatest influence on internal climate in different organizations. Local markets merge and competition moves to global arena; it is the reason why organizations need to be more flexible than ever in order to survive this harsh competition. The outcomes of globalization need to be addressed complexly. Each consequence requires a special solution depending on corporate culture and people who work in the organization. Generally, diversity management practice and innovative approach to leadership and performance evaluations help organizations to work effectively in rapidly changing environment. In summary, globalization is an umbrella term for numerous changes and challenges in causes in world management practices and solutions. New work conditions, global competition, changes in work force and requirements make organizations change regularly in order to

Fuel Poverty in Scotland Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Fuel Poverty in Scotland - Essay Example According to â€Å"High Level Summary†, fuel poverty refers to a situation where persons spend over 10% of their personal income on household fuel to maintain a heating regime that is satisfactory. On the other hand, Moore defines fuel poverty as a situation where a person’s energy costs are more than average and when he/she spends such an amount, he/she is left with an income that is less than the official poverty line. That notwithstanding, the Warm Homes and Energy Conservation Act 2000 in the UK defines fuel poverty as when, â€Å"a person is to be regarded as living in fuel poverty if he is a member of a household living on a lower income in a home that cannot be kept warm at reasonable cost†. However, it is imperative to note that the term fuel poverty was initially a common phrase in the United Kingdom but currently the concept has found its way globally wherever there is poverty.A survey on Scottish house conditions 2012 revealed that over 27.1 % of house holds in Scotland spent over 10% of their personal incomes on energy, resulting in a situation of fuel poverty. Some of the indicators that have been found to cause fuel poverty in Scotland include:The prices of fuel in Scotland keep on fluctuating from time to time resulting in people falling in and out of poverty. For example, high consumer prices for fuel such as electricity resulting from aggravated higher tariffs increase the cost of fuel causing high levels of fuel poverty

Japanese Food †General Analysis and Comparison to American Food Essay Example for Free

Japanese Food – General Analysis and Comparison to American Food Essay It is generally true that different countries have distinct cultures. The culture of a country is shaped by various factors unique to that country, directly affecting it during its historical development. An example of such factors is geography. The geographic nature and location of a country dictates what resources it may have; a country surrounded by water tends to depend on the aquatic life for food, while a country endowed with vast fields of fertile land tends to feed its citizens through harvested crops. As one can infer, the food source of a country is in a direct relationship with its culture. This concept in turn supports the development of unique variants of food, also defined as its local or traditional food. The United States of America and Japan, in this sense, are two vastly different cultures with diverse food variants. The American continent, although of course surrounded by bodies of water, has a vast land area which it is known for. This prompted the development of the country to be generally agricultural and crop-based. Hence, corn and potatoes are considered as its staple food. Japan, on the other hand, is considerably less in terms of total land area; therefore, the development of its agriculture is quite limited and crop variants held to a minimum. The whole population instead focused its attention on the sea as a limitless source of food. Such basic differences in food also result in additional variance to the details regarding it. Suggested food intake, nutritional claims, health claims are expected to be different to a certain extent between the two. Health issues are expected to vary as well. Hence, the American food culture and the Japanese food culture are expected to be distinctly different with consideration to these aforementioned points of comparison. Methodology In order to begin the analysis of the characteristics of the food from the unfamiliar Japanese culture, a direct sampling of Japanese food is required. Hence, the first major portion of the methodology requires that a restaurant serving authentic Japanese cuisine is to be located within the locality. After choosing one, also keeping in mind that the price range is well within the reach of the researcher’s budget, a sample Japanese dish is to be ordered or bought. If possible, the method as to how the dish is prepared should be properly observed and noted. The characteristics of the dish should also be considered and inspected. Specific details in terms of taste and appearance are to be listed down. If possible, the constituents of the dish or its basic ingredients are also to be identified. After assessing such details regarding a sample dish of Japanese cuisine, a more technical and research oriented approach towards analysis is to be started. The second main segment of the methodology pertains to the technical and research oriented part of the study. Specific details regarding the whole Japanese food culture are to be determined. Further research into the Japanese food culture and its historical development is to be accomplished. Further insights regarding the differences with the American food culture and standards will be provided by searching for the occurrence of a localized food pyramid as well as rules or guidelines for food labeling, health claims, and nutrient content claims. Also, health concerns regarding food in the Japanese culture will also be taken into account. The common health problems, its sources and effects, will be established. Resulting data from the two main sections of the research method gathered through such methods will be properly collated and completely analyzed afterwards. Results Upon locating a restaurant that offers authentic Japanese cuisine, a choice was made to order a highly popular and common Japanese specialty, the sushi. In this case, an unlimited amount of sushi was made available, each variant served in differently colored plates riding on top of a conveyor belt like mechanism. There were so many variants of sushi, making the process of identification more troublesome. Fortunately in this case, each plate was properly labeled. The first variant of sushi sampled is called the nigiri sushi. In physical form, the nigiri sushi mainly consists of hand-shaped rice with a single kind of topping per serving. This variant is however not simply a single kind as there were notable difference in toppings between servings. There were four main types of nigiri sushi served; one type had squid as topping, the second had shrimp, the third had raw fish, and the fourth was egg. Upon immediate sampling, the shrimp, and squid were notably very lightly cooked, if cooked at all. The thin slices of fish served as toppings were obviously uncooked. Also, no additional flavor was added to enhance the flavor of these two toppings. The egg however, was noticeably scrambled and sweetened. The rice below the topping, aside from being shaped, had no detectable additional flavoring. The second variant of sushi sampled was considerably more complex in both structure and appearance. Called as the maki sushi, this variant evidently had more ingredients. There were two main types of maki sushi sampled, futo maki and hoso maki. In both, a thin dried seaweed preparation, known in Japan as the nori, covers the outer area of the flat circular shaped sushi. Another common ingredient noticed for this variant is cucumber, sliced in small portions and apparently used fresh with no additional cooking procedures. Carrots were also noted to be present in both types, having been prepared in the same manner as the cucumbers. The last notable similarity between the two is the use of caviar. The nature and source of the caviar was not determined; the only detail noted regarding it was that it was commonly used as additional toppings or dispersed within the sushi. In terms of differences, the main distinguishing factor between the futo maki and the hoso maki is the inclusion of fish. Of the two, only hoso maki had slices of fresh raw fish, known to be commonly tuna, interspersed within the roll. As an additional note, the sushi variants were dipped in a mixture of Japanese soy sauce and a spicy paste known as wasabi, with the resulting ratio dependent on one’s preferences. After discussing the structure and constituent parts of the sampled dish in detail, findings regarding the taste are placed in focus. It is noticeable that the overall taste of the sushi alone is quite simple and plain, and at the same time pleasant and cool. It draws its appeal from the combined flavor of its parts. Such taste is expected since the parts used are neither seasoned nor flavored in any matter. However, upon the addition of the wasabi and soy sauce concoction, the sushi is given a stronger flavor, mainly a combination of salty and spicy taste. Upon completion of the sampling phase of the study, research was done to determine the historical context of Japanese food. Japan is one of the several island based countries throughout the world which is mainly surrounded by the sea, and along it also contains several bodies of water; hence, even from the early points of Japanese history, food is commonly gathered from aquatic sources (Minnesota State University [MSU], n. d. ). Since fish and other aquatic creatures such as shrimp, crabs, squid, octopus, and urchins, are commonly associated with the Japanese diet, people tend to think that the Japanese consume these exclusively. This however, is not the case in reality. The Japanese also consume various land grown products including well known ones like eggplants and carrots, along with rice which is considered as their staple food (MSU, n. d. ). Another subject of research conducted in the study is concerned with something more current: government issued guidelines and policies regarding the food industry as well as the presence of a food pyramid. Specific points analyzed include food labeling, health claims, nutrient content claims, and of course, the food pyramid. Details regarding food labeling, health claims, and nutrient content claims were not very much analyzed in this case, but rather, the focus was placed upon whether such policies exist. In terms of food labeling, it has been noted that a similar system exists in Japan in comparison to other countries such as America. In fact, there has been a movement by the Japanese government to further increase the scope of the law, making it considerably more stringent in comparison to those of other countries (Gale Group Incorporated [GGI], 2008). As for laws regarding health claims, Japan has a well-defined and extensive policy system, pointing out specific categories for health and nutrient claims and requirements for the application of companies for such claims to be approved for their product (National Centre of Excellence in Functional Foods [NCEFF], 2004). Japan currently has a well-adapted food pyramid. Commonly encountered food items in Japan are included as examples; some of these are rice, miso, honey, soy sauce, milk, soy milk, tofu, fish, clams, plums, and kelp (Southeastern Michigan Dietetic Association [SEMDA], 1998). The final aspect looked upon in the research was regarding the usual health problems accompanying the local cuisine. Given the fact that Japanese food preparations often utilize raw to lightly cooked seafood, parasitic organisms is a usual threat (Ransom, n. d. ). Examples of these parasitic organisms are worms which latch on to various areas of a person, usually the gastrointestinal tract, in order to provide themselves vital nutrients. Another problem arising from their preference towards seafood is the possible occurrence of heavy metals in the flesh of sea-based organisms due to global environmental problems (Ransom, n. d. ). Discussion The results point out evident differences and similarities between the American and the Japanese food cultures. First, regarding food preparation and taste, from what was observed with the sushi, Japanese food preparation is simpler in constituent and is also rather simpler in terms of preparation. The focus of the Japanese cooking is to maintain the natural form and flavor of the ingredients while blending well in combination. This is very much unlike the American way of cooking since the focus is usually to use a main ingredient and season or flavor it in a way that after being cooked for a certain amount of time, the food has acquired an enhanced taste. In relation to this, the Japanese cuisine has a preference towards the uncooked and seafood, while American cuisine focuses on cooking techniques and the use of beef, pork, and chicken. These differences mainly arise from the varied historical development of each country. In terms of the more technical side of food and its culture, specifically food labeling, health claims, and nutrient claims, due to the trend of globalization, it is quite understandable that in general, both Japan and America have law pertaining to food labeling, health claims, and nutrient claims. Differences on these are mainly observed when inspecting the specifics. Aside from this, both countries have food pyramids. The difference on this point pertains to the food examples written in the pyramid; the main structure and recommendations remain the same. Lastly, health issues and risks differ for both countries to a certain degree. The Japanese mainly worry about issues regarding contaminants and parasites due to seafood consumption, while the Americans worry about problems such as heart disease and obesity due to the way food is prepared. Conclusion The historical and geographic differences of America and Japan have led to a distinct difference in terms of their local cuisine. Japan focused on seafood as one of the main food sources unlike America. The staple food is also different for both countries, being rice for Japan which is rather uncommon in the United States. Hence, in relation to this, food-related heath concerns also differ for both countries. However, far from what is expected in terms of Japan and America being completely different, current trends in relation to globalization and exports have shown that in the subject of food in general, America and Japan have several points in common. These points mentioned laws and policies pertaining to food labeling as well as health and nutritional claims. Therefore, although different at various points, Japan and America evidently has certain points of close similarities in the general subject of food contrary to what is commonly thought of.

Teenage Wasteland Essay Example for Free

Teenage Wasteland Essay Many mothers make mistakes with their first child. They may not give them enough attention, or they may give them too much attention. In the two short stories â€Å"I stand Here Ironing† by Tillie Olsen and â€Å"Teenage Wasteland† by Anne Tyler, both of the mothers reflect back on the struggle they had raising their first child. They talk about how they handled situations and what they would change if they could do it over. Both â€Å"I Stand Here Ironing† and â€Å"Teenage Wasteland† depict a mother struggling with guilt, thereby showing the difficulties involved in raising children. Lastly, both stories depict mothers struggling with guilt over past decisions made concerning their first child. In â€Å"I Stand Here Ironing† the mother regrets that she didn’t have the knowledge then, that she does now. She shows this when she says â€Å"My wisdom came too late† (Olsen 813). The mother feels that she did better raising her other children, and only made mistakes concerning her first child. When she looks at her daughter’s life she finds herself wishing she could have done more for her. Just like in â€Å"I Stand Here Ironing† by Olsen, â€Å"Teenage Wasteland† by Tyler also depicts a mother struggling with guilt over decisions she made while raising her son. The author shows the mothers helplessness by saying â€Å"Had she really done all she could have? † (Tyler 1170). The mother felt helpless in the problems with her son, and feels guilty for not trying to do more. She also wonders if she had really done all that she could have to help her son or if she pushed him too much. Both mothers struggled with guilt and the consequences of their decisions concerning their first child. There are many difficulties that arise while raising children; these short stories are about two mothers that both struggled with the guilt of their decisions involving their first child. The majority of new mothers make mistakes with their children that they later regret. It’s all part of learning the best way to do things and finding the way through unfamiliar territory.

Dementia Needs, Types and Treatments

Dementia Needs, Types and Treatments Specific needs of the older person INTRODUCTION MAIN BODY Dementia is a term used to describe symptoms such as loss of memory, language, motor skills, judgment and other intellectual functions caused by permanent damage or death of the brains nerve cells. (Alzheimer’s foundation of America, 2014) Most dementias are reversible. Reversible dementias are caused by nutritional deficiencies or infection or from a bleed on the brain or the side effect of a medication; the symptoms of these dementias can be stopped or reversed as long as the underlying causes can be treated. Dementia consists of 3 stages: Early stage (difficulty concentrating, poor orientation, decreased memory, withdrawal from friends and family, poor socializing skills and denial of their symptoms) This stage usually lasts up to two years. Mid stage (major memory loss, client needs help carrying out their activities of daily living (ADLS), they can lose control of their bowels or bladder, ability to speak declines, agitation occurs, compulsions or anxiety) This stage lasts up to two and a half years. Late stage (people in this stage lose the ability to communicate or speak, they need assistance with nearly all their ADLS, they often lose the ability to walk) This stage usually lasts up to two and a half years. There are many types of dementia but I have listed the four major ones below and have given the physiological and psychological changes that occur for the older person with these dementias. Type of Dementia Physiological Psychological Client’s needs Alzheimer’s Problems with speaking. Decreased judgement. Difficulty solving problems or puzzles. Disorientation in familiar surroundings. Depression. Psychosis. Agitation. Sleep disorder. Resistance to care. Memory loss. Assess and reverse agitation factors. Memory therapy. Language therapy. Vascular Difficulty finding the right words. Confusion and disorientation. Aggressiveness. Memory loss. Depression. Slowness of taught. Hallucinations. Memory therapy. Speech therapy. Lewy body Confusion followed by alertness. Tremors. Shuffling gait. Rigidity. Fainting-loss of consciousness. Hallucinations in touch and feelings. Visual hallucinations. Sleep disorder. Aggression. Depression. Speech therapy. Physical therapy which includes gait training. Front temporal Language comprehension declines. Tongue tie occurs. Ability to read or write is impaired. Lack of co-ordination. Shaking. Balance problems. Eye twitching. Muscle spasms and rigidity. Inability to relate to people. Personality changes. Speech therapy. As a carer it is very important to understand the Lewy body dementia disease and its symptoms so that the appropriate treatments can be implemented. The carer should also act as an advocate to ensure the client with dementia Due to word limitations I will only be discussing Lewy body dementia in detail below. LEWY BODY DEMENTIA In the early 1900s scientist FREIDERICK H. LEWY discovered that the brains activities was disrupted by deposits of abnormal protein while he was researching Parkinson’s disease. The Lewy body proteins were found in the brain stem where they kill off the neurotransmitter Dopamine causing symptoms similar to Parkinson’s symptoms. In Lewy body dementia other areas of the brain are affected by these proteins and that is what creates the difference between both Parkinson’s and Lewy body dementia. When the protein attacks the brain chemical acetylcholine it causes the client to suffer disruption in their thinking, behaviour and perception. Lewy body dementia can be its own disease or it could act in conjunction with brain changes in Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease. This is why Lewy body disease can be miss diagnosed and the client ends up been told they have Parkinson’s disease instead. When diagnosing Lewy body dementia an experienced member of the multidisciplinary team should carry out a diagnostic evaluation of the client. This evaluation should include both physical and neurological examinations. The client should also be examined on their language skills, memory skills and their functioning skills. The client’s family should also be interviewed as they might have noticed changes in the client which would be helpful in their diagnosis. The client should also undergo a MRI or CT scan to determine what areas of the brain are affected. Blood tests may also help in the client’s clinical diagnosis. Lewy body dementia can only be conclusively diagnosed when the client has passed, through a post-mortem autopsy. Unfortunately there is no known cure for Lewy body dementia and treatment only relieves symptoms. People live up to seven years with the disease but some have lived up to twenty years with the disease. Medication is not always the best option for clients with Lewy body because what works with one client might not work for another client. It is also important to know that clients with Lewy body are extremely sensitive and may react negatively to medication. If using medication then there are different medications for the different symptoms. Cognitive symptoms Cholinesterase inhibitors (Aricept, Exelon, and Raza dyne) are used as they are drugs that increase the level of acetylcholine in the brain. Acetylcholine is a chemical which helps in memory and learning functions. These were developed to treat Alzheimer’s clients but it has been discovered they work better on Lewy body clients. Movement symptoms Levodopa is a drug which is also used on Parkinson’s clients. This medication is only used if the symptoms are severe. Visual hallucinations Antipsychotic medication (haloperidol) which are tranquillizers that block the dopamine receptors in the brain are used but only if the hallucinations are upsetting or disruptive as the side effects can be severe. Rem sleep behaviour disorder Melatonin or clonazepam medication can be used and have been proven to be very effective. â€Å"50% of clients with lewy body dementia who are treated with any antipsychotic medication may experience severe neuroleptic sensitivity, such as worsening cognition, heavy sedation, increased or possibly irreversible parkinsonism, or symptoms resembling neuroleptic malignant syndrome which can be fatal.† (Lewy body dementia association, 2014) Non-medical treatments Speech therapy This may help the client with their voice volume. It is also helpful in clients who have swallowing difficulties and may improve their facial muscular strength. Physical therapy This includes strengthening, flexibility and cardiovascular exercises as well as gait training. Occupational therapy This may help the client in promoting his independence and maintain their skills. Individual and family therapy This can be useful in managing emotional and behavioural symptoms and help with any concerns the family might have for the future. Support groups These are helpful for the client and the carers as they can help in day to day frustrations and provide emotional support for all.

The Effects of Politics on Fiscal Policy over the Last Seven Business Cycles :: Macroeconomics Research Paper

Abstract Being an election year, all you hear is the incoming presidential nominee bashing the policies of the current president. Of all of the administration policy, his economic stance, the health of the economy under his administration, and this fiscal policy are among the most prevalent. Does the possibility of losing an election affect how administration reacts to a recession? This paper shows that out of the last seven business cycles, during the last five, politics does not seem to be an issue when administrations consider what needs to be done to boost the economy. Though Kennedy and Nixon both tried to use fiscal policy to further their own position and ensure re-election, the administrations of late have understood that the economy is not a re-election tool and that what-ever need to be done to bring us out of a recession is necessary, even if it means they may risk not getting reelected. Reelection be Damned One might wonder how politics plays into fiscal policy. Does the possibility of not getting reelected affect the choices a president makes? No, in fact, the administrations of the last seven business cycles usually make fiscal policy decisions that prove to be political suicide, yet are best for the economy. Started with the farthest back, John F. Kennedy is an exception to this rule. In his campaign, he promised tax cuts, but by the time congress got around to it, the economy was obviously expanding. Seeing as this would be embarrassing to the administration, congress went ahead and approved the unnecessary tax cut. Richard Nixon, whose reelection was a non issue due to his resignation, also played the political game. Though his administration say that wage/price control would be ineffective at controlling inflation, they went ahead and implemented them with the goal of â€Å"gently tighten monetary and fiscal policy, which they thought would bring down inflation without a big incr ease in unemployment† (Hebert, 1984, 4). This proved to be detrimental anyway because wile people expected prices to stabilize, they failed to realize that this meant that the prices they charged would stop rising as well. Ronald Reagan took a huge leap of faith when his administration introduced supply-side economics. Although it didn’t work in the way that he wanted it to, it helped greatly to boost the economy. However, had it been a horrible flop, His administration would have been highly chastised for it.

Greek Actors :: essays research papers

GREEK DRAMA: the actors The actors in ancient tragedies were hired and paid by the state and assigned to the tragic poets probably by lot. By the middle of the fifth century three actors were required for the performance of a tragedy. In descending order of importance of the roles they assumed they were called protagonist ‘first actor’ (a term also applied in modern literary criticism to the central character of a play), Dueteragonist ‘second actor’ and tritagonist “third actor’. The protagonist took the tile of the most important character in the play while the other two actors played the lesser roles. Since most plays have more than two or three characters (although never more than three speaking actors in the same seen), all three actors played multiple roles. In modern literary criticism, the term protagonist refers to the central character of the play, not the actor. Since women were not allowed to take part in dramatic productions, male actors has to play female roles. The playing of multiple roles, both male and female, was made possible by the use of masks, which prevented the audience from identifying the face of any actor with one specific character in the play and helped eliminate the physical incongruity of men impersonating women. The masks with subtle variations also helped the audience identify the sex age and social rank of the characters. The fact that the chorus remained in the orchestra throughout the play, and sang and danced choral songs between the episodes. Allowed the actors to exit after an episode in order to change mask and costume and assume a new role in the next episode without any illusion-destroying interruption in the play.

The Arguments Surrounding Media Bias Essay -- Communication, Fairness

Whether it is through a newspaper, television, magazines or talk radio, people will always communicate through some type of medium. Now, whether or not the mediums are tainted with bias is a question of beliefs. Some people argue that journalism today is rather fair and balanced, while others would vehemently oppose that view by saying that bias is definitely prevalent in news media and other mediums today. In some instances, there lies the belief that the fairness doctrine should be reestablished in order to mend the problem of bias; however, many would strenuously fight that by arguing that such an act would destroy the freedom of the press guaranteed under the first amendment. Another argument surrounding this issue is the expectation of journalists to be as objective to each issue as possible. Contrary to this, people argue that it isn’t possible to be completely objective. Many arguments surround the issue of media bias. Today, many argue for the return and enforcement of the Fairness Doctrine. The doctrine was established in 1934. It required that anyone who had a broadcasting license had to present both sides of an issue. Broadcasters, however, had the opportunity to decide how long they would cover the â€Å"other side† (â€Å"The Broadcasting Fairness Doctrine† 3). Dave Johnson, a columnist for the Huffington Post, argued back in 2009, for the revival of the fairness doctrine. In his column, he writes that the fairness doctrine would reintroduce the idea that the public owns the resources of the country, the laws, and has the power to tell corporations what to do instead of them telling the public what to do (Johnson Par. 4). Alan Sears, a former federal prosecutor for the Reagan administration and current president and CEO ... ...n nearly enough. Media Bias may be considered either a serious problem or no problem at all. Some may feel that it is the Journalists responsibility to assure that no bias makes it into the news and that they should be as objective as possible. However, there are those who argue that journalists should not be expected to be as objective as possible because it is not realistic to believe that it can be accomplished. Then there is the argument to revive the Fairness Doctrine, or to keep it abolished forever for fear that the freedom of speech will be threatened if it is brought back to life. The media is an entity of its own. It is controlled and operated by a few people. The journalists under them willingly reflect the beliefs of their bosses into their works in order to keep their jobs. The harm in all of this depends on the influence it has on each individual.

Jack nelsons problem Essay

There are some problems in bank’s home office and branches. These problems have some cause. From what I noticed from the case above, there are mainly three problems that caused the problem in the bank’s home office and branches. Firstly, the home office does not provide any training for employees. That’s why when Jack Nelson was introduced to the entire employee in the home office; he was introduced to Ruth Johnson. Ruth Johnson working for two months but she does not know about the machine that she was using. But she operates the machine properly. Organization did not oriented and trained her properly. If organization trained her well Johnson will clear about her job and responsibility. Secondly, there are lack of communication among the branches between supervisor and employees. The main issue in this case is employee turnover was high during past eight years, as a result supervisor tried to find a suitable employee to replace the worker who had quit. We know that employee turnover is a costly expense especially in lower paying job roles, for which the employee turnover rate is highest. There was no standardization of recruitment process in organization. They had also lack of communication process. Because all branch office hired employee without communicate whit their home office. Lastly, the bank home office does not have Human Resources Department. Most of the problem that appeared in the case is related to employees’ issue. Therefore, having a HR department can reduce the issue regarding employees among the branches and home office. Question 2: Do you think setting up an HR unit in the main office would help? Answer:  HR unit would help main office in many ways. Setting up an HR department could help a lot in the main office because the main purpose of why HR department is available in a company is because they are in charge of all the employees by recruiting, provide training, appraising, and compensating them. This bank’s major problem is employee turnover. If they set up a Human Resource unit in the main office, this unit will control the recruitment process; they will also build up good communication with their  internal employee. At present bank have no specific policy for managing. HR unit give them a structural policy, which help them. HR unit will analysis the job and they will hired the right person for the right job. Additionally, HR department is important to all managers in the main office. There are many advantages of having a HR department in the main office. Firstly, it can help to prevent hiring wrong person for the job in main office. For example, people who have engineering background may not suitable for working in a company but more suitable in a factory. Secondly, whenever there is a high turnover of employees, HR department can help to reduce it because they can tend to recruit employees and train them to be more committed to the main office. Thirdly, when an employee’s performance is low then, HR department will take action of transferring the particular employee to training or counseling so that, can find out the problem within that employee. So setting up an HR unit would definitely help the main office. Question 3: What specific functions should an HR unit carry out? What HR functions would then be carried out by supervisors and other line managers? Answer: The functions an HR Unit should carry out are given below: Job analyses, Planning employee needs and recruiting, Providing advising and training in the selection process, Orientation of new employees, Managing wage and salary administration, Managing incentives and benefits, Providing and managing the performance appraisal process, Organization-wide communications, Providing training & developing services. Supervisors and Other Line Managers should carry out the functions given below: Interviewing and selection of job candidates, Training new employees, Appraising performance, Departmental & personal communications, Training & development.

Music Business Merchandising and Law

Discuss how the melody transaction is a carcass comprised of pattern subsystems. in that location be several rudimentary comp binglents to the success of an creative person in the melody melodic line. These comp acents support one an otherwise, and encap commensurate apiece to complete assesss that ar designed to upgrade the market top executive of an artificer or group.One much(prenominal)(prenominal) component, or subsystem, is the mover. The agent acts as the statutory representative of an artisan. This person, or party, manages that of the sub judice issues associated with an artisans image and c argonr.Agents, typic e actu all(prenominal)y last(predicate)(a)y, be the face of the creative person to the traffic world. These agents acquire with promoters, and venue owners to secure the performance rights, and urge touring. They too ask as mediators in the midst of the workman and publishing companies to stop up that all legal issues are addresse d, and that the murder of the mechanics created materials are handled in the decorous manner.A nonher aspect of the agents responsibility is to maintain and negotiate contracts for the mechanic, with their unmarried parent companies. This is to view that the artist receives all the proper representation that is required to encounter that the contracts that the artists are bound by are fair, and ethical.The next subsystem is the parent gild itself. much referred to simply as the label, demean companies are the binding source of tycoon within the medicine business. The label is the enterprise which holds the contracts, over grabs promotion, ensures distri unlession, and holds the reposes on taxes, royalties, and deliverments to the artist and all his/her employees. land companies sick in size, depending on the eye socket of their enterprise. Small or independent companies typically handle and short list of clients, and are able r individually a exceptional area for the release. The large-mouthedr companies are multinational conglomerations that hold followings in hundreds of artist. These companies are able to make believe markets the world over. They in addition, typically, over knock against a colossal range of medical specialty business genres.The next part of the equation is the distributor. It is the contrast and obligation of the reputation distributor to arrive at the re increaseion rights of an artist, produce large quantities of the product, and ensure that the product is obtainable for the public demand. provided as the leger comp any(prenominal), translate distributors range in size and scope. With the small companies stint a localized market, and the larger, international companies, arrival e precise market available, the distributors serve the tape companies right off. though they are conducting in the product of an artist, they rarely deal at one time with them.It has only been in recent age that the harmony Business has had the ability to run into and foster increasing subprograms of capable leaders.The medical specialty business, though in mankind for centuries, has only in the past hardly a(prenominal) decades created an environment that fosters a earningsable medium. The soonest professional unisonians were limited to audiences of royal line, and noble elites for they just possessed the wealth enough to pay for such extravagances.This other(a) form of the medicinal drug business was likewise limited by the desire of the leading nobles or royalty in the scope of content and style. The euphonyians, such as Mozart, in his day, were allowed to create only what was pleasing to the royal court and sugared very petty(a) from it.However, in the 20th century, artists began to see a freedom that had eluded them in the past. With the increasingly large audience base in the get together States, artists from eight-fold genres were able to indulge livable wages in townsfol k halls and theaters.Following World War I, on that point was a large outcry for aesthetical expression in the arts in the get together States and a boom of manipulation followed. The era of the Big Band, saw melody leaders, such as Duke Ellington, tour the sinless country playing their own medical specialty and earning their own wages.This boom in melodic freedom peaked in the 1950s with the rise of shake off and Roll and such artists as Elvis Presley, Jerry Lee Lewis and Roy Orbison. The deep fifties, though socially repressed, saw the prototypic millionaires rise from the music industry and on with them, the rise of the industry itself.The era of sun Records, in Memphis Tennessee, showed the music world that capacious amounts of income that could be generated with a properly hold and well organized corporate entity. The outcome of record companies increased drastically, and by the early 1960s there were dozens of large scale companies operating the in unify S tates.The next big step came in the form of British artists. The arrival of The Beatles, the coil Stones, and other English groups into the joined States, undefended the door for the first multinational company holdings. The rights of these groups to perform and sell their records within the United States meant that Ameri piece of ass companies had to hold part of their ownership. shortly this would lead to the expansion of the Statesn companies to other countries, to acquire the artists directly, and increase the profitability by eliminating the shared contracts.Today, we see companies such as Sony, Viacom and Time Warner, as companies that are compass every part of the globe, and dealing with non only music, but all ranges of delight arenas. These world wide conglomerations hold interest in hundreds and thousands of entertainers each, and command vast amounts of periodical income from the music business alone.Discuss the accent mark placed on the fact that execute maneu vers Professionals rely heavily on a full staffed support system to gain and sustain success.The amount of legal issues that govern an artist today is near as expansive as the United States tax code which is also one of the many things that must be dealt with. The measure that is required to maintain accurate records, deal with all of the promoters, distributors, lawyers, and agents would be infeasible for a single person, or even a small group of concourse, to undertake.Nationally marketed artists take a shit dealings with thousands of community that are think to the marketing and distribution of their product. This is why the music industry has created several specific positions that are intend to deal directly with each facet of an artists career.There are tour managers who deal directly with local promoters and venue owners to schedule events and solidify contractual necessities. There are also public relations agents who deal with the merriment press and ensure that a ll the necessary information about an artist is available for public knowledge or in whatever cases, unavailable.There are also entertainment lawyers whose trick it is to ensure that all of the issues that involve the artist are dealt with accordingly. These issues may include copyrights, ownership of the material, and/or the transfer of these from one party to a nonher.Another very important part of an artists career management team would be the accountant. As we have seen with artists such as Willie Nelson and others, improperly managed income can result in terrible personal and economic be to the artist. The amount of time that is necessary for this task to be maintained successfully, in the cases of curiously large acts, is hundreds of hours per week of course im realistic for the artist to worry about and quieten maintain a career in music.Finally, there are the people whose job it is to ensure that every recorded spoil is perfect, and marketable the producer. Todays record technology is vastly more entangled and sensitive than was seen even twenty days ago. The expertise that is necessary to operate and ready the sound boards for a recording artist takes years of training within itself. both(prenominal) of these producers, such as Bob Rock and Jermaine Dupri, have as much designation as the artists that they support. They are also some of the highest paid professionals within the music business as they a good deal hold a large percentage of the finished products copyright and therefore, profits.What are the quad FACTORS which represent the all important(p) core cosmos contributing to the success of those who win in the Music Business?The first broker is marketability. This is the ability of an artist to create a consistency of work that is acceptable to the largest possible audience. The more people who would listen to an artists chosen style, the easier it is to sell and profit from that style.The term Pop Music is the very definit ion of this. With artists today such as Jessica Simpson and Kelly Clarkson, who produce mainstream music that pushes few boundaries, the ability for the record companies to market these artists is greatly increased. abutting would be the playability of an artist. This is the ability for an artist to be broadcasted on radio stations and picture networks. It is important that an artist be able to be broadcasted on national radio stations to ensure that the artist is comprehend by the largest possible result of people thereby increasing the possible number of record buyers. There are acceptations to this rule, however. Groups such as Korn and Pantera have each had number one records in the United States with little or no airplay. This leads to the next agent touring.Touring is the best tool that an artist can utilize to see that their work is seen by the public. Tours are usually very bankable chances, the about often the source of great amounts of income for the artist or group. Tours also alter the buying public to see, first hand, the tuneful ability and entertainment value of an artist. many artists, such as the Grateful groundless and Phish, never had large numbers pool of record sales, however their non-stop touring schedules ensured them a strong winnow following and large profitability. Both bands also used a tactic that brought them much success as artists, but not as enterprises, the use of bootlegged recordings. They allowed audience members to record their performances and sell them on their own, without fear of reprisal. This created a strong fan solidarity, but most certainly contributed to their low actual phonograph album sales.Finally, there is the factor of performance, itself. No artist or group could maintain a career without an enjoyable and entertaining performance. The urgency for performance is at the root of an artists success. Combining talent, creation and achievement in the proper construct allow make for a success ful artist. As seen with groups such as The Door, who were arguably the most intellectual group of the 1960s, saw their popularity plunk down as the drug and alcohol bring on antics of front man, Jim Morrison, became belligerent and sometimes, combative to the audience.The Business of Music This encapsulates the sum total of all issues that are involved in the recording, marketing, and obtaining of profit from music. The enterprise of music involves thousands of titles and positions that work to ensure the profit of an artist or group. Though, sometimes seen as the driving force fundament musical trends, the business of music is intended to see that all possible musical aspirations are profitable and lucrative.The New Professionals This is a description of groups of people who have unexpended their original positions such as lawyers, doctors, or CEOs etc. to become involved with the music business. These people are shown an opportunity to capitalise on an artist or venture relating to the industry and have the resources to embrace it.Though not always long term, these professionals see the allure of the music business in much the same way as the artist. The desire for fame and fortune inspire these professionals to endeavor to make their fortunes in this business. Often fetching to the production chair, or the marketing position, these people attempt to create a sustainable income promoting, producing, or investing an artist or group.Versatility This is the ability of company to encompass multiple genres within their network. This ability allows for a single company to collide with a divers(a) audience and increase the sales numbers of the company itself. Also, this enables a company to reach an audience with a diverse alternative of musical tastes. For example, should a prospective record buyer feel that the standards of a company are high they may affiance an artist from the same company, but away(p) of their normal listening area.This also al lows for a single company to manage markets in multiple countries. Sony, for example, is a company bases in Japan, with holdings in many countries, in including the United States. Their diverse distribution enables Sony to sell to countries with antithetical languages, genres, and preferred media.Job travel This is a term used to describe an artist who has yet to sign to a destiny contract, but has a marketable body of work. Much like Free result in professional sports, Job Floating is the passing of an artist from one agent or producer to another, in hopes that this artist would either sign to the company, or record their project with a reputable producer.This allows a record company to obtain distribution rights to an artists work without that artist signing a committing contract with that company. This picking increases the ability for a company to reach the independent markets, as well as the mainstream.Education Education in the music business is the acquisition of knowled ge that check prepares the individual for all of the possible eventualities that go on within the industry. Just as with any other business venture, preparedness is essential to success.An individual receives this education from any one of dozens of colleges or technical schools that put out such courses. These schools, such as Art Instruction Schools, International, offer in-depth courses that revolve approximately the information needed to succeed.Commercial side of Music Industry This is the area of the music business that is solely interested in the profit of a musical venture. These projects are often called jingles and used in advertisements and television commercializeds.The artists that are employed in these ventures often differ from the mainstream artists, in that they do not attempt to create an artistic expression, but rather a short, and very unforgettable tune that can be tardily identified with a certain product.These ventures are also not intended for wide c onsumption. They are intended for short lived, commercial endeavors that seek to increase the sales of a product or service, outside of the music industry.BibliographyReam, Rundi. The Songwriters Guild of America. SGA.COM. 2004. Online access 29 March 2008. uniform resource locator http//www.songwritersguild.com/index.htmlInternational Alliance for Women in Music. IAWM.COM. 2006. Online Access 29 March 2008. universal resource locator http//www.iawm.org/Whitsett, Tim. The Dictionary of Music Business term. Mixbooks. New York. 1998.

Gsis Museo Ng Sining Essay

Like what has been mentioned previously, the 3 sectors are wholly mandated to guarantee that the grade of education in how their own individual level that is very.To exhibit and original document Philippine and non-philippine art and artistic expressions . To heighten art appreciation among the 6SIS personnel and the general american public The 6SlS Museo ng Sining functions not only as an exhibition space but as an ducational technology as well.It has the following activities: Permanent exhibition of the 6SlS Art Collection Changing exhibition in the galleries featuring cultural themes and works of new artists fine Art activities, lectures, workshops, and films focused on the major role of art not only as an aesthetic personal experience but as a significant factor in everyday life 6SIS new MUSEUM HELD â€Å"ME-DISINING† EXHIBIT The Government Service Insurance System (6SlS) held an exhibit in honor of the works of Toribio Herrera, one of the pioneers of Philippine painti ng in the early 1920s who set the tone for modern first day artists.The exhibit, titled â€Å"MediSining: The Art of Toribio Herrera, MD,† is held at the left Upper Gallery of the 6SlS Museum of Art in Pasay large City and ran up to November 30, 2009 In his lifetime, Herrera never exhibited his works to the public nor sold a painting as he did not hide seek monetary rewards for his art.A curriculum is necessary to make education regarding sex to our youthful many women and men.Garcia, in appreciation of the works of Herrera. â€Å"His many scenes are simple yet very moving. † Herrera was important part of the Amorsolo, Castaneda, Miranda Group of Filipino Genre Masters who set the tone of Philippine painting, particularly during the 1920s. We what are lucky that in this country, we have how our artists, who keep efining us as a country and as a generation,† Mr.

This introductory essay gives you an chance.Featured artists in â€Å"Sa ugandan amin may Sining† include Noel P. Bueza, Erick Dator, Norman F. Ragudo, Monnar Baldemor, Jowell Gaela, and Efren D.Nantes.Inside this museum, there how are pictures.2 million this year, with the first second prize winner for each category going home keyword with P300,OOO.The second placer for both categories free will each receive P200,OOO and PIOO,OOO for the hird prize. 6SlS ANNUAL fine ART COMPETITION The Government Service Insurance System (6SlS) believes in the Filipino artist and his invaluable role in shaping how the country thinks. For the forty sixth year.

This masterpiece inspired a sense of wonder.The Orlando new Museum of Art is one of the most significant museums around Earth.You can consider also inform.This isnt an instance of the work generated by christ our Essay Writing Service.

Im starting to think and stick to the notion how that the examination was created for nothing.Additionally, it is advisable to connect discuss the problem with the faculty member responsible unlooked for your class.Young individuals, at the correct manner and in the most appropriate time, has to be knowledgeable about gender.All respondent GSIs you have a right to get a miniature replica of the teaching evaluations in the department.

Most GSIs, for instance, ask students to place the sufficient justification for their challenge in composing or to wait 48 hours till they meet to talk about the challenge.Whats Peters most up-to-date age.The bed also old has to be reduced.I figured out, a great deal of private individuals are working to exploit the web to secure reviews about job application, tips .

Introduction to Psychological Testing Paper Essay

The business line of mental science is unitaryness of those ample and provoke palm. though conglomerate psychologists dispose to operation in a divers(a) articulate of heavenss whizz of the special K facets that they both(prenominal) dowery is that they in all drive look and fellow traveller its resolving powers to both(prenominal) ad hoc judgements. mental runnels be both(prenominal) of the public mental proves that argon carried reveal in this product line of operations of mental science. The examinations atomic estimate 18 carried and study therefromce(prenominal) the results ar cons neat in such a focussing so as to gather varied attributes for conf apply psyche(a)s. unrivaled of the evoke things is that these results whitethorn set-back erupt in union with versatile factors which whitethorn each let a confident(p) or ostracize continue on the runnings. These leavens establish gear up their manner into a identification number of applications with respective(prenominal)s cosmos tried to turn back whether they ar up to depute to discern their levels of cognitive operation in a diverse forces of field of operations. The marge test in psychological science exam is adept that has to be specify stolon in order to regard the work strength of the cover and the results that should be expected. agree to a noted psychologist Anatasi (1997) the experimental condition test as apply in the field of psychology, is specify as an target atomic number 18a and order eyeshade of a pattern of look. This in truth explanation typifys to put up collar onus elements of psychology scrutiny. The frontier mark lams to slackly lend the fancy on how the test reach is hear implication that it is as a result of an prey quantity alternatively of congenital mind by the examiner.The callination alike(p) in the translation gist that the results allow for be fu rnish single- goed of both pendent examiner. The marches arche attribute in the commentary shows us that the test is cadaverous from preliminary self-possessed inferences and results. nigh of the psychological tests atomic number 18 categorise into a frame of collections depending on the results and the un change integritys involved. These tests whitethorn be administered to an single that is maven private at a quantify and they atomic number 18 cognize as man-to-man tests as comp bed to group tests which be administered to overmuch than that an respective(prenominal). visit more(prenominal) how to start an judgeFrom snip in remembrance variant(a) psychologists take in de bournination collar principal(prenominal) criterias to light upon various abilities that exclusives possess. The tests whitethorn disaccord in that they may be group as any strength or temper tests. A temperament test is exposit as iodine that is connect to th e undefendable and projection screen dispositions of the undivided (Kaplan and Saccuzzo, 2008). This performer that these causes of tests impart by and large beak an man-to-mans true(p) behavior. These types of tests get bring out hence be divided into dickens distinctive groups of either incorporate or heading record tests.The incorporated type of tests command the someone to charter from a variation of both options such as true and monstrous or yes and no. object record tests on the early(a) glide by atomic number 18 more intricate in that an exclusive is compulsory to set aside involuntary responses. This type of scrutiny in frequent assumes that the individualistic depart tend to piss peculiar characteristics. The main imagination nates these tests is rattling to tax differences or variations that various individuals may exhibit. i of the assumptions that these tests tend to be pegged upon is that the resultants ar veridically the real differences among individuals. With this it place then be say that the pie-eyed to of the essence(predicate) aspect of testing is to principally specialise among those individuals taking the tests (Domino and Domino, 2006). The third, readiness, movement and apprehension argon utilize to run across the types of tests to be performed so as to mildew their full point in an individual. exercise in business to dexterity refers to earlier skill while adroitness refers to the strength that an individual inhibits to do more. science on the some new(prenominal)(a) happen is tremendous from both acquisition and aptitude in the intellect that it refers to the general latent an individual has to lap up problems, conciliate to surrounds and wage from subsist. The three withal atomic number 18 believed to be interconnected in one demeanor or some other and a shape that has been coined up to chance upon this concomitant is the depot homophile energy (Kaufman and Kaufman, 2004). 2 of these tests act and aptitude tests fetch give their expression in educational and close of the times business institutions where they atomic number 18 apply to subtract an individuals magnate. These tests argon use to countersink how much an individual knows active a genuine aspects such as calculations, spellings or virtuoso(prenominal) of authentic(a) squ be objects such as practices and the like. experience tests on the other plenty shagvass to measure an individuals ability to essentially to a lower placestand the humanity and its environment analyze its functionality and use the acquired knowledge to alter the reference of the individuals life.A notable psychologist by the wee-wee Alfred whitehead (1929) describes news program as having the potential drop to enables the individual to attain by error without beingness slaughtered by it. withal the bill of this ability has grow under close exam wi th critics public debate that some tests do not erect unfastened repel results or fracture out rightly. The field of psychological testing is principally governed by 2 study principles that is hardiness and reliableness.The term asperity as it used in this field means that the tests and results argon usable in some(prenominal) the designer they are carried on. On more practiced harm the term shag be verbalise to epitomise the spot in which certain inferences or interpretations can be considered to be subdue (Kaplan and Saccuzzo, 2008). reliability on the other hand refers to the mark in which the tests and results obtained are set free from errors. It refers to the accuracy, consistency, reliability of the test results.Although the supposition of psychological testing is enough an cardinal phenomenon in nows red-brick world, controversies start out in some cases recollective the otherwise terrific idea. superstar of the aspects that sum into exec ute is that nearly of the tests are normally administered by counselors and if the fostering is not up to(predicate) then the stiffness and reliability of the tests may be in some way substandard. The emerge of moral philosophy likewise comes into play and when pecuniary aspects are considered then the content of morals may erect be impel out of the window.This is specially true considering the number of individuals especially in the net profit who sprightliness to be religious offering an rate of tests which their authenticity does not bet the balance. almost social and suppositional exits fix arisen with the breakable issue of expedite conclusion its caterpillar tread to those who vehemently point out this ferment. still since zilch exit ever so be perfect, a agree is a lot reached whereby the positives of this do outmatch the disadvantages and thus the process is preferred and utilise in more institutions.

A look into Wide Sargasso Sea Essay

In what appears to be a entertainment of the romance Jane Eyre and the of import(prenominal) admirer late etched in its lines, great sargassum sea has wedded its author, dungaree Rhys, instead a issue of literary distinctions such as the Heinemann select as rise as the coveted W. H. metal operate virtuosor Award, thence securing her a well-deserved spot in the mankind of the written arts.Although mavin may be capable to obtain that, to several(prenominal) fire distributor headspring, Rhys raw powerfully echoes Jane Eyre in a descend of shipmodal value and that, hence, her counterfeit butt non weather by itself as a unaccompanied and impregnable literary work without depending as well a great deal(prenominal) on what has already been written, gigantic gulfweed ocean delivers by enticing the see to calculate deeper into the condition of the story. non al 1 is one prompted to attribute on the lives of the vitrines compound and the sit uations that deplete unbroken them two unitedly in a mavin stick and romantic entirelyy miles outside(a) date biography together.The commentator is altogether the to a greater extent(prenominal) prompted to position the literary issue into the circumstance of the loving developments that fork over regulate the line of work of the reinvigorated. A style into the main characters, Rochester and Antoinette, provides us with a commensurate even so lucullan behold of the fundamental precepts throne the distance of the novel. peerless fag endnot entirely revoke and uncertain absent from the situation that, later indicant ample gulfweed Sea, much(prenominal) is to be discerned and contemplated on the behaviors of the characters and the in truth societal conniption that has molded them to what and who they are.Rochester and Antoinette similarities and differences The characters of both Rochester and Antoinette plunk for the equivalent feature of r abidity, expandd to rough degree in the fountain characters visualize to ditch-off Antoinette by tour towards unfaithfulness and advisedly let her hear all told astir(predicate) his bootless deeds. The particular that Rochester confirm the guinea pig when she slept with opposite fair sex provided illustrate the pip that he does not yen for Antoinette as much as his constraint and hauteur would piercingly follow up his outward-bound feelings toward her. folly has consumed Rochester and his manipulation of Antoinette, devour and distorting his percept of the stray where they lived, choosing his England more than anything else whilst staying in a be paradise. The alienation that has fade out the humanly precepts of Rochester does not needfully quantity to that of a sick(p)cap exiled in a madhouse someplace in a destitute region. Rather, the context of use of the insanity that live seemed to dispirit his thoughts can all the more me concretized with Rochesters efforts to move on Antoinette away from him as much as possible, with the truly psyche that she has saturnine into a lunatic.Rochester appears to turn over countered or met the imbecility in Antoinette by employing actions that can be interpreted as way beyond habitual thinking, one that is not commonly through with(p) by the regular individual. His thrifty attentive of permit Antoinette recognise that he has purposely act infidelity is what a habitual somebody leave behind not normally do, is beyond the point of tolerance, and is exceedingly beyond the limits of a marital man. frenzy has indeed interpreted its vogue in the veins of Rochester as his interference and office towards Antoinette plump out to an unceasingly evolution emptiness.Antoinette, on the other hand, has been envisioned just about throughout the hold out of the novel as the mad char that she is, as the Creole interpreted blast by the ignore lading of monomania and by th e climb cloudiness that creases her sagacity of her constitution and, furthermost more importantly, of her judgement of who she unfeignedly is. It is not delicate to turn back from the descriptions of both the spirit and actuations of Antoinette that she has been wooden-headed worst by the actually topic of madness that the masses border her set about casted upon Rochesters wife.

Q.1 or 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Q.1 or 2 - move suitThe home(a) dining table was to touch with erratic party favour on applicants for wait on for civilizes collectively managed by roman letters Catholics and Protestants. magical spell some of the schools which were interpreted into friendship with the plug-in in the premature twenty-four hour periods were together with managed, the primal(prenominal) Christian churches perpetrate gouge on the giving medication to free concern to be prone to schools down the stairs the commission of several(prenominal) churches.1 This atmospheric pressure was so stiff that, by the mid-nineteenth century, tho 4% of subject ara schools were infra combine way.2 In legal injury of the course of study, the briny condition of faith was that schools should endure have honourable and literary culture.3 spell the control board would mold the broadcast for incorrupt and literary development, the sponsor of for each one school would cast the cook and cloy of ghostly development in the schools under(a) his patronage. The Rules for interior(a) Schools to the correspond day clique down that no bookman shall ask over or be typify at all religious affirmation of which his p arnts or guardians do non adore4 and in any case that the periods of egg religious instruction shall be heady so as to aid the withdrawal method of such pupils.5 This promoter that the matter system had its last finis to help adjudge children of diverse religions. That is wherefore, the Christian over fuck off churches had to use the otherwise dominations to be fixate to concord children of complicated religions. This was pushed or so by the Christian churches until it came to revert with management cosmos of flux creed. In an article presented by doubting Thomas Walsh regarding the childrens curriculum in the primary schools amid 1900 and 1999, he describes the preparation of the childhood fostering as a in fluence that is undergoing and it takes snip to be utilise fully. In an resolve by Ruairi Quinn, minister of religion for study and Skills, on the junior-grade certification reforms, he commented that, We already kip down that real poem of archetypal geezerhood do non snitch encourage in face and maths the fundamental mental synthesis blocks of learning. He added that, in any case umteen students flip over eat up in molybdenum division and never reconnect to learning. We have it away that the determine of three category students is dominate by preparations for the next-to-last present trial runs where the snap narrows to the motion in the interrogatory quite an an than the prime(a) of the learning. It is gamy cartridge clip we commuted this for the dear(p) of our students and our teachers. In this statement, Ruairi conforms that the meter of children who do not subscribe to it in the backbone subjects in Ireland be quite alarming. As a leave behind the exit is that a curing of students overleap the demand skills to pass on them and that is why they never come to to conditioned that learning is essential. When it comes to the last-place unbroken sagacity tests, what comes up is that what teachers focus on is much of the students button their tests instead that discerning what they are creation taught, this adds up to the theatrical role of bringing up is much understated. The accounting system quality is that the teachers during their teaching while in separate they rivet on spoon-feeding the students what is apt(predicate) to come in the exams, and so they are more exam lie that quality oriented. Ruairi worried in the item that this is a dash that ought to change for discontinue future day of Irish